INTRODUCTION:

Traditionally in Indian society, the role of women in the family has been paramount as the main agent of socialization, and while Indian society is also accepting gender equality in modern times, tribal women living in remote parts of rural areas in many backward communities face multiple problems. There still seems to be a traditional low status of women which is responsible for many educational problems. This study is based on secondary data and is divided into four sections.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

· To check the level of education and literacy rate among women in the tribal community.

· To know the educational problems of women in the tribal community and to check their solutions.

The present study is based on secondary data. In which the whole study has been mainly presented in four sections.

In the first section, the meaning, definition, introduction etc. of tribes are mentioned. The second section discusses the population and education levels of Zillawar tribes in Gujarat. The third section examines the educational problems of women in tribal communities. The fourth section presents the findings and suggestions of the study.

CONCEPTS COVERED IN STUDY:

Education: Education is the process by which cultural traditions, customs, social heritage of institutions and new knowledge and skills are transmitted from one person or group to another person or group.

Empowerment: Women have the kind of authority and power that makes them capable and independent to lead their own lives.

Social Problem: A social problem is a situation which is perceived to be a violation of certain social values or a threat to certain social values and which can be corrected and resolved through collective collective action.

Community: A community is a social group that has some degree of ageism and lives in a particular area.

Backward Classes: Backward classes include a wide cross-section of individuals. They constitute approximately one-third of the total population of the country.

In Backward Classes:

· Scheduled Tribes

· Scheduled Tribes (Tribes)

· Other Backward Classes

Tribal:

Tribal is an endogamous social group with territorial affiliation. It lacks specialization of functions. It has its own developed system of governance. There is similarity of language or dialect. They have social distance from other tribes or castes.

In 1972, Tribal Development Department was formed in Gujarat State for effective implementation of development programs for tribal’s, in 1976 the office of Tribal Development Commissioner was established. An independent Department of Tribal Development came into being in 1984. Adivasi Research and Training Centre was established in Ahmadabad in 1962, which is still functioning at Gujarat Vidyapith, which conducts research related to the tribal communities of the state.

Gujarat has a total population of 60439692 as per 2011 census of which tribal population is 8917174. Which is 14.75 percent of the total population. At present 29 tribes inhabit the state of Gujarat which includes the Katholi, Koldha, Kotwaliya, Padhaar, Chiri, communities among the five Gujarat primitive groups.

Gaining an understanding of population-analysis regarding proportions in various districts of Gujarat...

As seen from the table used, tribal’s are scattered in different districts of Gujarat which is 14075 percent of the total population of Gujarat. The district with the highest tribal population is Dahod. If we look at the proportion of tribal population in the total population of that district, 2,16,073 out of the total population of 2,28,291 in Dang district are tribal’s. That means 94.65 percent of the population is tribals. That means Dang district can be said to be a district with full tribal population. After that, 84.18 percent. In Tapi district, 74.32 percent in Dahod district, 52.93 percent in Valsad district, 48.11 percent in Navsari district, 31.48 percent in Bharuch district, 30.18 percent in Panchmahal district, 27.60 percent in Vadodara district, 22.32 percent in Sabarkantha district, 14.09 percent in Surat district, 9.10 percent in Banaskantha. Diaspora population is found when The largest population is found in Amreli district with a population of 7,322.

In other words, the literacy rate of tribal communities is 59.38 percent, i.e. 59.38 percent of women as compared to men. While it may be mentioned here that according to the 2011 census, the male-female ratio in India is 940. While caste ratio of tribal’s is 991 per 1000 men and in Gujarat caste ratio is 919 which is 981 in tribal society. The statistical data which shows that despite the low literacy rate among tribal women, there is a maximum proportion of women in their society, which results from the fact that female birth has been considered important in the tribal society against the demographically worrying issue of gender inequality. Equality appears to be important against the low proportion of women among non-tribal’s.

There are several reasons for the low literacy rate among women in tribal communities as a result of which tribal women have not been able to get education since traditional times and they have to face many educational problems that we can see in the present society.

Educational problems of tribal women:

As seen further, the level of education among women of tribal communities is low. On the basis of several studies in India, the Dheber Commission (1961) has pointed out that the weak economic condition of the family, inadequate equipment in the communication medium at school, defects in the medium of education, discrepancy between the curriculum and real life are responsible. Thus multiple reasons are responsible for low education among tribal women. We will discuss in detail.

Socio-cultural structure of tribal community

The tribal community has been separated from the civil society for centuries. Their community has been isolated from the society for centuries. Their activities largely rely on natural resources for survival and the tribal way of life, the socio-cultural structure which does not value formal education resulting in low female education.

Deprived of mass media:

Tribal areas are not in direct contact with the urban community. Also, there are many areas in Gujarat today where railway or bus services are not available. Water, electricity, communication facilities are not easily available in such areas and modern education facilities like computer, internet, TV are not available. etc. the use of media has not reached them.

Conservative thinking:

Tribal communities have a conservative mindset about their traditions, customs, beliefs since time immemorial. Even in which this society has conservative thinking for women education for years. Even in which this society has shown a conservative attitude for female education for years. They do not consider anything important for a woman except housework, labour work, taking care of children.

Inadequate provision of educational facilities in tribal areas:

Educational equipment, school environment, irregularity of teachers in schools in tribal areas do not encourage children to study and due to this the number of dropouts is high. Inadequate facilities of any advanced teaching equipment in the school etc. creates disinterest in education.

Family Responsibilities:

In tribal communities women are mostly involved in taking care of family members, household chores, responsibility of listening to younger brothers and sisters as well as small-scale labours etc. from a young age, the problem of female education is seen in them.

Early marriage:

In tribal groups, marriage is fixed for women at a very young age so that it is in their responsibilities. Marrying at a young age also creates many problems for children and one's own health. Such as Toda, Khasa, Kota, tribal communities have polygamous marriage system among which women themselves cannot get education.

Illiteracy:

Since traditional times, the level of education among tribal women in backward communities has been low and as a result the question of access to education is seen among them which cannot make their next generation literate.

Lack of awareness:

There is a lack of awareness about women education in tribal communities. They do not know the advantages and disadvantages of getting education and lack of basic information about education.

Poverty:

From time immemorial, the tribal community has been poor among the backward groups, as a result of which all members of the household, small and large, are engaged in labour for their survival, which creates a barrier for them to get education. have to do And so they don't even have time to go to school. So many children have to drop out of school midway due to poverty.

Migration:

The issue of migration is more common among tribal’s because these castes are mostly economically poor and they have to migrate for work anytime anywhere, that is, because they are engaged in seasonal occupations, there is a question of educating their children in the family. For example, in Dahod village, livelihood opportunities become negligible and one has to reluctantly leave their native land and migrate for livelihood. Similarly, most of the tribal’s are found in Modasa of Sabarkantha where potatoes are cultivated. As a result of this kind of migration, the problem of education among them is becoming more and more serious.

Thus, women in tribal communities face many educational problems resulting in their low position, status and lack of empowerment in the society. That is, it is noteworthy here that as a result of the educational policies of the Indian government, it can be said that the change of position of women is very slow in the form of cultural retardation.

FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:

· The proportion of tribal’s in Gujarat is 14.75 percent of the total population. Dahod district is the sixth most populous district. While in terms of population proportion, Dang district is a district with complete tribal population. And there is Amreli district with less tribal population.

· The study shows that the gender literacy among tribal’s is highest among Ghodia tribal women as compared to men. While low literacy is seen only in 30.05 percent among women of Koli community.

· In terms of population in terms of population, females of Bhil community are found to be the most literate among the communities with male literacy. While communities with low literacy are Pomla, Bharwad, Barda, Charan etc. communities.

· Problems of female education in tribal communities Orthodox thinking tradition, narrow mindedness, inadequate communication media, poverty, migration, early marriage, lack of awareness etc. are responsible for low proportion of female education.

STUDY SUGGESTIONS:

· Tribal women have undergone changes due to factors such as modernization, urbanization etc. But it can be seen at a slow pace that the efforts of government, voluntary organizations, tribal’s themselves can increase female education.

· Transport facilities should be developed in the tribal areas so that they can develop themselves while remaining in urban contact.

· Facilitation of advanced educational material and appointment of trained teachers should be done in tribal ashrams alas in rural and remote areas.

· They should be given mother tongue education keeping in mind the tribal culture.

· Efforts should be made to provide tribal women with various seminars, motivational talks, seminars with experts, cultural programs etc. as well as training in new skill industries.

· Free education and hostel facilities should be increased for tribal girls. Parents of female educators should be counseled and guided on education.

· For the development of tribal women, the tribal community, family, society, women themselves should be aware of the values of modern education and should try to achieve their own development.

· Thus, to overcome the problems related to female education among women in tribal communities, we all should make joint efforts through joint efforts and empowering tribal women so that their status reaches the development of non-tribal women in the society is the development of a society, nations and country.

REFERENCES:

1. Tribal Research and Training Center –http://trt.gujrat.gov.in

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Received on 04.01.2024 Modified on 27.01.2024

Int. J. Rev. and Res. Social Sci. 2024; 12(1):1-4.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2687.2024.00001